A Brachial Plexus Palsy (BPP) affects the nerves passing from the neck to the arm. These are the nerves that trigger movement from the shoulder down to the fingers. The most common cause of brachial plexus injury is stretching, com...

Winging of the scapula due to long thoracic nerve injury is a common diagnosis and can become a significant functional problem. The compensatory muscle activity required to maintain shoulder stability in the absence of serratus anterior function is associated with pain, spasm, and tendonitis around the shoulder joint. The long thoracic nerve itself is small in diameter and fragile-appearing, making it su...

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is rare, but the limb impairments are manifold and often long-lasting. Physiotherapy, microsurgical nerve reconstruction, secondary joint corrections, and muscle transpositions are employed with success. The role of conservative and operative treatment options should be regularly reviewed.

Methods

Selective literature review (evidence levels 3 and 4) and analysis of personal clinical operative a...

Foot drop refers to the loss of the ability to dorsiflex, or raise the foot at the ankle, causing a floppy foot that hampers walking. Foot drop can be caused by many factors, but most often it is due to an injured peroneal nerve. When the peroneal nerve is damaged, it cannot stimulate the tibialis anterior muscle which is responsible for lifting the foot up at the ankle. Trauma or a tumor anywhere along the nerve can cause foot drop. 

The brachial plexus is a complex set of nerves originating in the spinal cord at the neck and supplying the muscles of the arm, elbow, wrist and hand. The brachial plexus is derived from 5 roots; 2 upper, 1 middle and 2 lower roots. Injury to the upper roots paralyzes the shoulder and elbow, and a lower root injury predominantly affects the hand.

Most adult injuries to the brachia...

A nerve injury can affect your brain's ability to communicate with your muscles and organs. Damage to the peripheral nerves ...